Ante el inicio de conversaciones relacionadas con el T-MEC, la Comisión para la Industria de Vinos y Licores (CIVyL) hace un llamado a adoptar en México un esquema fiscal similar al de Estados Unidos y Canadá, sus principales socios comerciales.Ante el inicio de conversaciones relacionadas con el T-MEC, la Comisión para la Industria de Vinos y Licores (CIVyL) hace un llamado a adoptar en México un esquema fiscal similar al de Estados Unidos y Canadá, sus principales socios comerciales.

Industria de vinos y licores pide reforma fiscal para alinear México con socios del T-MEC

2025/11/27 03:09

Ante el inicio de conversaciones relacionadas con el T-MEC, la Comisión para la Industria de Vinos y Licores (CIVyL) hace un llamado a adoptar en México un esquema fiscal similar al de Estados Unidos y Canadá, sus principales socios comerciales.

Resalta la necesidad de modernizar el esquema con el que México grava las bebidas alcohólicas para transitar del actual modelo que cobra el impuesto según el precio del producto -ad valorem- a uno que lo determina según la cantidad de alcohol puro de cada bebida -ad quantum-.

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El T-MEC es el tratado comercial entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá, cuya revisión está planeada para julio de 2026, seis años después de que entró en vigor.

“Creo que es muy bueno decir, ahora que estamos iniciando las conversaciones en torno al T-MEC y a toda la negociación que va a tenerse en estos meses y en 2026, que nuestros socios comerciales de Estados Unidos y de Canadá y, en general, la mayoría de las economías de la OCDE, ya gravan las bebidas alcohólicas mediante impuestos ad quantum, que es como nosotros lo proponemos para México”, dijo en entrevista Panambí Garcés.

La directora general de la Comisión para la Industria de Vinos y Licores aseguró que solo en casos de economías emergentes o que todavía no están bien desarrolladas el impuesto se calcula con base en el precio de la bebida alcohólica.

Ejemplificó que si una botella de tequila contiene 40 grados de alcohol debería pagar el Impuesto Especial sobre Producción y Servicios (IEPS) con base en esos 40 grados de alcohol y así disminuye la evasión fiscal y se reducen las pérdidas de recaudación.

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Actualmente, la CIVyL estima que el 42% del mercado total de bebidas alcohólicas no paga los impuestos correspondientes, debido a la complejidad del esquema de cobro, que se determina según el valor de cada bebida, lo que termina generando distorsiones en el mercado.

Dicho porcentaje, pronosticó la Comisión, seguirá al alza de continuar con el mismo esquema fiscal actual. “Mientras no se haga un ajuste a la forma en la que se cobra el impuesto, pues no pareciera que va a haber incentivos para que el mercado se comporte diferente”, acotó Panambí Garcés.

Por ello, reiteró que hay espacio para que México pueda alinearse con sus principales socios comerciales y con las economías más consolidadas al migrar al esquema fiscal de gravar las bebidas según su grado de alcohol.

Además, la directora general de la CIVyL aseguró que con el cambio fiscal que promueven se combatiría el mercado ilegal de bebidas alcohólicas y reduciría la pérdida fiscal, la cual ascendió a 19,500 millones de pesos en 2024.

Puntualizó que el Impuesto Especial sobre Producción y Servicios vigente “genera un sistema complejo, abre espacios para evasión y no logra desincentivar a los productos de bajo precio y alto contenido alcohólico, que son los más nocivos”.

La industria de vinos y licores es estratégica para México, opinó la entrevistada, ya que genera más de 155,000 empleos y aporta a las finanzas públicas.

Tan solo en 2024, la recaudación por concepto de bebidas alcohólicas alcanzó los 75,000 millones de pesos, equivalentes al 1.5% de los ingresos tributarios y al 0.22% del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) nacional.

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    Aumentar el impuesto a bebidas alcohólicas redituaría en el bienestar y la recaudación

“Entonces, con un cambio de régimen se espera una mayor eficiencia recaudatoria, el combate a la evasión, una mayor equidad y una mayor simplicidad en temas administrativos… Esto se aliena con el objetivo de la administración de la presidenta Claudia Sheinbaum para no crear nuevos impuestos”, acotó.

La directora general de la CIVyL comentó que la discusión para considerar un cambio en la manera en que se cobra el IEPS en México se esperaría para el próximo año, en la propuesta del paquete fiscal 2027.

En 2026, la industria de bebidas alcohólicas mantendrá su estructura fiscal actual. Actualmente, los productores enfrentan un 53% de impuesto especial, así como un 16% de IVA y, en 16 de los 32 estados, un impuesto estatal adicional del 4.5% sobre la venta de bebidas alcohólicas.

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