Bitcoin Surpasses 2**96 Cumulative Hashes, Vitalik Buterin Weighs In
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin sparked a technical and market conversation today when he posted that, by his rough math from average difficulty statistics, Bitcoin mining has very recently surpassed a total of 2**96 hashes. The observation, shared alongside a short Python snippet and a nod to another user, sent a ripple through social channels as engineers, miners and investors parsed what the milestone means for Bitcoin’s security and the network’s computational scale.
At face value, the number is enormous: 2**96 is roughly 7.92 × 10^28. That’s not the hash rate at this second but an aggregate measure of the total work performed by miners, the cumulative number of hashes that have been tried across the network over Bitcoin’s lifetime (or over the period the calculation covers).
Milestones like this are a way for people who follow cryptography and blockchain security to get an intuitive sense of how much brute-force effort the network has absorbed over time. Buterin used the math to highlight a policy point: the scale of this cumulative work, he suggested, is a good argument for insisting that cryptographic standards remain close to “128-bit” security. In other words, as cumulative computational capability grows, so does the importance of choosing cryptographic primitives with a comfortable safety margin.
Technically minded readers know there are multiple ways to interpret “bits of security” and multiple threat models (an adversary with massive hashpower trying to rewrite history is not the same as a cryptanalytic break of an algorithm). Still, the practical takeaway that Buterin intended landed plainly.
The network has absorbed an almost unfathomable volume of computational work, and that history should inform conservatism in cryptographic choices going forward. The post included a short code excerpt showing how the estimate was derived from difficulty and block time series, which made the claim easy to reproduce for people who wanted to double-check the arithmetic.
Network Security in Focus
The milestone arrived against a backdrop of choppy markets. Bitcoin’s price this morning was trading in the low-to-mid $90,000 range after a volatile start to December that saw a drop from October’s $126k area, followed by a rebound into the $90k zone. Market data services put the intraday price around $91,000–$93,000 as investors balanced rate-cut hopes, regulatory noise and fresh flows from institutions. That tug of war between macro drivers and crypto-specific flows has left traders watching short-term support and resistance levels closely.
On the on-chain side, the network’s raw hashing power has also been elevated, with daily estimates of total network hash rate measured in the hundreds of millions to billions of terahashes per second (TH/s) in recent weeks. Those numbers show a resilient and sometimes rising base of mining activity even as prices swing, reflecting both new hardware efficiency gains and large-scale operations coming online. Observers say that higher sustained hash rates raise the cost of attacking the network and reflect continued investment in mining infrastructure.
How markets interpret a technical headline like Buterin’s varies. For some traders and allocators, it’s an interesting data point that underscores Bitcoin’s standing as a network backed by immense computational work, a narrative that can be bullish over the long term. For short-term traders, however, the price action is still driven by macro variables such as expectations about U.S. interest rates, ETF flows and liquidity on exchanges. Headlines about mining milestones rarely move the needle on price immediately, but they do feed into the broader storylines that institutional investors and long-term holders use when making allocation decisions.
Security researchers took a more granular view. Some applauded the reminder that cryptographic choices should account for the possibility that, over decades, aggregate computational capacity can grow to levels where certain key sizes or algorithms feel less comfortable. Others cautioned against overreading a single cumulative-hash milestone: real cryptanalytic breaks are not the same as raw hashing throughput, and the design of Bitcoin’s proof-of-work, key lengths and the broader ecosystem remain resilient under many plausible scenarios.
For ordinary market participants, the practical effects are likely to be subtle. If anything, Buterin’s note is one more data point that sophisticated users will tuck into their mental model of how networks, mining economics and cryptography evolve together. For miners and protocol engineers, it’s a reminder, expressed in binary quantities, that the world keeps computing, and systems designed today should assume the computational growth of tomorrow.
Whether traders translate the milestone into buying pressure or caution depends on the market’s next moves: will institutional demand and softer macro data continue to lift BTC back toward prior highs, or will profit-taking and weaker flows push it lower? For now, Bitcoin’s market continues to oscillate around the low $90,000s while the network quietly adds yet more hashes to the ledger of its own resilience.
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