SMQKE (@SMQKEDQG), a prominent researcher in the crypto space, recently shared a page from an Asian Development Bank (ADB) publication on cryptoassets and their relationship to formal payment systems.
The document draws a clear distinction between those that operate outside the financial system and those that function within it. XRP lands firmly in the second category.
The ADB publication addresses how regulators classify cryptoassets in relation to formal payment systems. It states that “payment system” is a broader concept than currency alone, encompassing rules, participants, and infrastructure. Cryptoassets, the document notes, do form payment systems, but in most cases these are alternative payment systems that sit outside the formal structure.
The document then makes a direct distinction: “Bitcoin and Ether often fall outside, while Ripple and XRP often fall within the system.” The reason is structural. Formal payment systems are generally closed-loop systems. Cryptocurrencies that integrate into that structure can serve as settlement vehicles rather than as mediums of exchange.
Bitcoin was designed as a disruptive alternative to sovereign currency arrangements. It operates independently of any government or existing financial institution. Ethereum shares a similar foundation. Both assets exist as alternatives to the system, not components of it.
XRP occupies a different position. Ripple built XRP to address inefficiencies inside the existing financial system, particularly in cross-border settlement. That design choice determines how regulators classify it. Jurisdictions that recognize cryptoassets within formal payment systems open a path for settlement use, and XRP fits that definition.
The document draws on standards from the Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). These are the standards central banks use when evaluating whether a cryptoasset belongs in the regulated payment infrastructure. XRP’s classification under this lens gives it a regulatory profile that Bitcoin and Ethereum do not currently share.
SMQKE’s post highlights this as a structural advantage. “XRP, on the other hand, was designed to solve some of the financial system’s biggest inefficiencies,” the researcher wrote. The ADB document supports that characterization by placing XRP within the formal system rather than outside it.
The classification in an ADB publication signals that XRP’s design aligns with how international financial regulators view payment infrastructure. As more jurisdictions develop legal frameworks for cryptoassets, assets that already fit within formal payment system definitions start at an advantage.
The distinction the ADB draws is not speculative. It is documented, institutional, and based on the functional design of each asset. It supports SMQKE’s view that XRP is an irreplaceable part of the future global financial system.
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