La “brecha de cobertura aseguradora” se refiere a la diferencia entre la protección de seguro necesaria o potencial y la que realmente se ha contratado.La “brecha de cobertura aseguradora” se refiere a la diferencia entre la protección de seguro necesaria o potencial y la que realmente se ha contratado.

AL, con la segunda mayor brecha de cobertura aseguradora por catástrofes naturales

La región de América Latina tiene una de las mayores brechas de cobertura aseguradora por catástrofes naturales, esto en un contexto en el que el cambio climático está jugando un papel determinante en la intensificación y frecuencia de eventos catastróficos, de acuerdo con el informe “Cambio climático, riesgos extraordinarios y políticas públicas” de Mapfre Economics.

Según el informe, Asia es la región del mundo con la mayor brecha de protección aseguradora, con solo 17.2% de las pérdidas totales por riesgos relacionados con catástrofes naturales, lo que significa que la brecha o déficit de cobertura asegurada fue de 82.8% tomando la media de la última década.

“Le sigue la región de América Latina, la cual presenta una brecha media de 81.0 por ciento. Esto contrasta con la región de América del Norte (Estados Unidos y Canadá), que es la que menor brecha de protección presenta, con una media de 43.2% de pérdidas no cubiertas por los contratos de seguros”, detalló el informe.

En ese sentido, el reporte señala que cerrar la brecha de protección aseguradora para los riesgos catastróficos es, “sin duda, un desafío de política pública”, además de que “se trata de un reto que debe abordarse desde una perspectiva múltiple”, requiriendo de una acción coordinada entre aseguradoras y otras partes interesadas con todos los niveles de gobierno (desde local hasta federal).

“En ausencia de las medidas y mecanismos de protección y compensación necesarios, los riesgos climáticos se convierten en no asegurables o inasequibles, por lo que la brecha de aseguramiento no solo no se reduce, sino que, en ocasiones, tiende a ampliarse”, advierte Mapfre Economics.

En este sentido, el informe señala que las administraciones públicas deben colaborar, e incluso tomar la iniciativa, para adoptar políticas públicas proactivas con el fin de mantener la viabilidad de los mercados de seguros y, al mismo tiempo, aprovechar los mecanismos de seguros para promover la adaptación climática y la prevención de pérdidas en aras de la protección de la población y de la actividad económica.

Asimismo, Mapfre Economics analiza cuatro aspectos clave de las medidas de política pública que se podría abordar para reducir la brecha: asociaciones público-privadas de seguros para desastres climáticos, incentivos para la prevención y reducción de riesgos, medidas para la obtención y gestión de datos de siniestralidad, y soluciones paramétricas.

“Cabe destacar que todos los esfuerzos destinados a la prevención y reducción de riesgos por fenómenos climáticos adversos, incluida la lucha contra el deterioro del medio ambiente y el cambio climático, pueden ser de gran ayuda para el sector asegurador, el cual se encuentra doblemente expuesto”, recalcó el informe.

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