Decentralised exchanges are no longer trying to reinvent trading from scratch. Instead, they are increasingly borrowing from the world's oldest and most liquid Decentralised exchanges are no longer trying to reinvent trading from scratch. Instead, they are increasingly borrowing from the world's oldest and most liquid

Why DEXs Are Trying to Reproduce FX Market Behaviour

Decentralised exchanges are no longer trying to reinvent trading from scratch. Instead, they are increasingly borrowing from the world's oldest and most liquid market: foreign exchange.

As on-chain liquidity grows and attracts larger, more time-sensitive flows, DEXs are discovering that the real challenge is reliability, not innovation. Decentralised finance has long experimented with foreign-exchange–style trading, mainly at the margins.

Automated market makers (AMMs) such as Curve Finance, Uniswap, and Balancer have all optimised pools for low-volatility pairs, particularly stablecoin-to-stablecoin trades.

What on-chain markets have struggled to deliver is FX-grade behaviour: tight spreads at scale, continuous liquidity during stress, and the ability to absorb large notional amounts without breaking market structure.

Why FX Has Been Hard to Replicate On-Chain

Traditional FX markets are built around depth, resilience, and constant two-way pricing. On-chain AMMs have struggled to match this for several reasons. Many designs work only for stablecoins. They become inefficient as trade size increases or rely on external oracles and off-chain pricing, reintroducing the intermediaries DeFi aimed to avoid.

As a result, meaningful FX and low-volatility trading has largely remained the domain of centralised exchanges and OTC desks. For brokers and trading firms, AMMs have rarely been a serious alternative for large or time-sensitive FX-style flows.

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How DEXs Are Trying to Mimic FX Market Structure

Recent design efforts suggest a shift in ambition. Rather than adapting crypto-native AMMs to low-volatility pairs, some protocols are explicitly targeting FX-style market behaviour.

Curve’s FXSwap is one such implementation. It is designed specifically for low-volatility and FX-referenced pairs, including crypto-to-fiat benchmarks such as BTC/USD and ETH/USD, as well as non-USD stablecoins. The system is live, with BTC–crvUSD and ETH–crvUSD pools deployed, alongside pilot pools referencing currencies such as CHF, BRZ, and IDR.

A core feature is what Curve calls “refuels.” These are external liquidity injections meant to keep liquidity dense around the prevailing market price. The goal is to prevent liquidity from evaporating when volatility rises. Unlike some concentrated liquidity models, FXSwap avoids forced rebalancing if it would result in a loss.

Instead, it spreads unavoidable rebalancing costs over time. In practice, this approach aims to preserve execution quality for larger trades without shifting all the risk onto liquidity providers or relying on off-chain intervention.

Early Data: Behaviour Under Stress

One of the few live attempts to test FX-style liquidity on-chain comes from Curve’s FXSwap. According to an independent analysis by Pangea Research, FXSwap routes delivered up to around 2% better pricing than Uniswap V3 for $10 million BTC/USD-sized swaps in about 80% of observed blocks.

The effect was most notable during volatile periods. More important than headline slippage figures was how the pools behaved under stress. During a sharp BTC sell-off in November 2025, FXSwap pools continued to execute large trades. Price impact normalised relatively quickly rather than remaining dislocated. From an FX perspective, that kind of resilience is a baseline expectation, not a bonus feature.

Why FX Behaviour Matters for DEX Adoption

FXSwap does not eliminate the structural differences between crypto and FX markets. Liquidity remains thinner than in traditional venues, and participation from issuers and professional market makers is still essential. But the design reflects a broader shift in how DEX liquidity is being approached.

For on-chain markets to be relevant for brokers, trading desks, or treasury-style use cases, they must behave less like speculative pools and more like FX venues — resilient, two-sided, and functional under pressure. Whether FX-style AMMs can sustain that behaviour at scale remains an open question.

But the direction is clear. DeFi’s FX experiments are moving beyond proofs of concept and toward answering fundamental questions with market structure rather than marketing.

Disclaimer: The articles reposted on this site are sourced from public platforms and are provided for informational purposes only. They do not necessarily reflect the views of MEXC. All rights remain with the original authors. If you believe any content infringes on third-party rights, please contact [email protected] for removal. MEXC makes no guarantees regarding the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content and is not responsible for any actions taken based on the information provided. The content does not constitute financial, legal, or other professional advice, nor should it be considered a recommendation or endorsement by MEXC.

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Summarize Any Stock’s Earnings Call in Seconds Using FMP API

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Turn lengthy earnings call transcripts into one-page insights using the Financial Modeling Prep APIPhoto by Bich Tran Earnings calls are packed with insights. They tell you how a company performed, what management expects in the future, and what analysts are worried about. The challenge is that these transcripts often stretch across dozens of pages, making it tough to separate the key takeaways from the noise. With the right tools, you don’t need to spend hours reading every line. By combining the Financial Modeling Prep (FMP) API with Groq’s lightning-fast LLMs, you can transform any earnings call into a concise summary in seconds. The FMP API provides reliable access to complete transcripts, while Groq handles the heavy lifting of distilling them into clear, actionable highlights. In this article, we’ll build a Python workflow that brings these two together. You’ll see how to fetch transcripts for any stock, prepare the text, and instantly generate a one-page summary. Whether you’re tracking Apple, NVIDIA, or your favorite growth stock, the process works the same — fast, accurate, and ready whenever you are. Fetching Earnings Transcripts with FMP API The first step is to pull the raw transcript data. FMP makes this simple with dedicated endpoints for earnings calls. If you want the latest transcripts across the market, you can use the stable endpoint /stable/earning-call-transcript-latest. For a specific stock, the v3 endpoint lets you request transcripts by symbol, quarter, and year using the pattern: https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/earning_call_transcript/{symbol}?quarter={q}&year={y}&apikey=YOUR_API_KEY here’s how you can fetch NVIDIA’s transcript for a given quarter: import requestsAPI_KEY = "your_api_key"symbol = "NVDA"quarter = 2year = 2024url = f"https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/earning_call_transcript/{symbol}?quarter={quarter}&year={year}&apikey={API_KEY}"response = requests.get(url)data = response.json()# Inspect the keysprint(data.keys())# Access transcript contentif "content" in data[0]: transcript_text = data[0]["content"] print(transcript_text[:500]) # preview first 500 characters The response typically includes details like the company symbol, quarter, year, and the full transcript text. If you aren’t sure which quarter to query, the “latest transcripts” endpoint is the quickest way to always stay up to date. Cleaning and Preparing Transcript Data Raw transcripts from the API often include long paragraphs, speaker tags, and formatting artifacts. Before sending them to an LLM, it helps to organize the text into a cleaner structure. Most transcripts follow a pattern: prepared remarks from executives first, followed by a Q&A session with analysts. Separating these sections gives better control when prompting the model. In Python, you can parse the transcript and strip out unnecessary characters. A simple way is to split by markers such as “Operator” or “Question-and-Answer.” Once separated, you can create two blocks — Prepared Remarks and Q&A — that will later be summarized independently. This ensures the model handles each section within context and avoids missing important details. Here’s a small example of how you might start preparing the data: import re# Example: using the transcript_text we fetched earliertext = transcript_text# Remove extra spaces and line breaksclean_text = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', text).strip()# Split sections (this is a heuristic; real-world transcripts vary slightly)if "Question-and-Answer" in clean_text: prepared, qna = clean_text.split("Question-and-Answer", 1)else: prepared, qna = clean_text, ""print("Prepared Remarks Preview:\n", prepared[:500])print("\nQ&A Preview:\n", qna[:500]) With the transcript cleaned and divided, you’re ready to feed it into Groq’s LLM. Chunking may be necessary if the text is very long. A good approach is to break it into segments of a few thousand tokens, summarize each part, and then merge the summaries in a final pass. Summarizing with Groq LLM Now that the transcript is clean and split into Prepared Remarks and Q&A, we’ll use Groq to generate a crisp one-pager. 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Summarize the following earnings call section for {symbol} ({quarter} {year}). Be factual and concise. 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Here’s how it comes together in Python: def summarize_earnings_call(symbol, quarter, year, api_key, groq_key): # Step 1: Fetch transcript from FMP url = f"https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/earning_call_transcript/{symbol}?quarter={quarter}&year={year}&apikey={api_key}" resp = requests.get(url) resp.raise_for_status() data = resp.json() if not data or "content" not in data[0]: return f"No transcript found for {symbol} {quarter} {year}" text = data[0]["content"] # Step 2: Clean and split clean_text = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', text).strip() if "Question-and-Answer" in clean_text: prepared, qna = clean_text.split("Question-and-Answer", 1) else: prepared, qna = clean_text, "" # Step 3: Summarize with Groq prepared_summary = summarize_section(prepared, symbol, quarter, year) qna_summary = summarize_section(qna, symbol, quarter, year) # Step 4: Merge into final one-pager return f"""# {symbol} Earnings One-Pager — {quarter} {year}## Prepared Remarks{prepared_summary}## Q&A Highlights{qna_summary}""".strip()# Example runprint(summarize_earnings_call("NVDA", 2, 2024, API_KEY, GROQ_API_KEY)) With this setup, generating a summary becomes as simple as calling one function with a ticker and date. 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