A newly surfaced email chain from 2014 has brought to light the aggressive tactics used by early cryptocurrency investors to secure dominance in the ecosystem. The leaked emails, analyzed by David Schwartz, Ripple’s former Chief Technology Officer, reveal the heated tribalism that marked the industry’s early days, with Ripple and Stellar XLM supporters being framed as threats to Bitcoin’s growth.
According to Schwartz, the email chain, which includes top figures like Austin Hill and financier Jeffrey Epstein, highlights the aggressive stance some investors took towards certain crypto projects. The email, titled “Stellar isn’t so Stellar,” was sent by Austin Hill to a group of investors, including Reid Hoffman and Joichi Ito. Hill’s message was clear: Ripple and Stellar, both co-founded by Jed McCaleb, posed a serious risk to the success of Bitcoin, the industry’s leading cryptocurrency at the time.

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Hill took it a step further, urging the recipients of the email to reconsider their investments in both Ripple and Stellar. He demanded that they “reduce or take away” their financial support for these projects, effectively forcing them to choose between backing Bitcoin or continuing their investments in Ripple and Stellar. Hill’s move reflected the harsh competitive nature of the early crypto scene, where allegiances were often tested, and projects were pitted against each other.
Schwartz, reflecting on the email exchange, pointed out the damaging effect this kind of tribalism had on the crypto space. The aggressive tactics employed by Hill demonstrated how early investors leveraged their power to force a binary choice—support one project or risk missing out on future opportunities. This hostile environment created divisions that ultimately hindered the growth and development of the cryptocurrency market.
The revelation of this email chain also highlights the lack of cooperation among different blockchain projects during the early days. Instead of working together to build a unified ecosystem, investors and entrepreneurs focused on undermining competing projects, which only prolonged the path toward mainstream adoption.
Schwartz, in his recent social media post, emphasized that the cryptocurrency space should have been driven by collaboration rather than competition. He expressed regret over how these early conflicts set the stage for an industry that was often divided, preventing the collective progress that could have accelerated the evolution of blockchain technology.
In hindsight, the email exchange reveals just how deeply entrenched tribalism was within the cryptocurrency world, particularly among influential investors. As the industry continues to mature, the hope is that future leaders will prioritize cooperation over conflict to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past.
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