Koop crypto Markten Spot FuturesOIL(WTI)Earn Evenementcentrum

Meer

The concept of smart contracts didn't originally emerge in the context of blockchain, but was defined by computer scientist and expert cryptographer Nick Szabo in 1994 as a series of commitments inThe concept of smart contracts didn't originally emerge in the context of blockchain, but was defined by computer scientist and expert cryptographer Nick Szabo in 1994 as a series of commitments in

Leren/Cryptocurrency Knowledge/DeFi/What are Smart Contracts?

What are Smart Contracts?

Jul 16, 2025

#Basic #DeFi #Beginners #Ethereum #Basic Concepts

The concept of smart contracts didn't originally emerge in the context of blockchain, but was defined by computer scientist and expert cryptographer Nick Szabo in 1994 as a series of commitments in digital form, including a set of protocols and the execution by the parties involved in the protocols.

However, it didn't gain much attention at that time until the birth of the decentralized, peer-to-peer transmission system of Bitcoin, and the emergence of programmable and immutable blockchain technology. These developments made the concept of smart contracts more than just a theoretical concept.

At the end of 2013, Vitalik Buterin released the Ethereum Whitepaper, and in subsequent years, he led the team in developing this decentralized smart contract application platform. It acts like an underlying operating system such as Apple's iOS or Android, providing a rich API interface for developers to quickly create various types of smart contracts and blockchain applications.

By now, the concept of smart contracts has become clearer: a smart contract is an immutable contract protocol written in code into a computer. When specific conditions agreed upon by the participants are met, the smart contract is executed.

1. Characteristics of Smart Contracts

In simple terms, a smart contract is a piece of computer program. It is not as intelligent as we might imagine, nor does it possess the legal enforceability of traditional contracts.

Deterministic: The result of executing the same smart contract is always consistent, even if it is executed on computers dispersed across different regions globally.

Open and Transparent: All terms and conditions within a smart contract are fully accessible and viewable by the participating parties.

Immutable: Once a contract is deployed, its contents cannot be altered. No party can interfere with the execution of the contract.

2. Lifecycle of Smart Contracts

Smart contracts are only executed when they are invoked by transactions. One contract can call another contract, and this calling can continue between contracts in layers. However, the execution of the first contract in this execution chain must be initiated by a transaction created by an external account. Smart contracts never run automatically or in the background. Without a triggering transaction, a contract remains in a state of waiting to be called.

The execution of transactions is a whole, and modifications to the global state will occur only after all executions have been confirmed successful. Confirmation of success means that the program's execution encountered no errors or termination conditions. If program execution terminates due to errors, all previous operations performed will be rolled back, as if that execution had never occurred.

3. Problems with Smart Contracts

As the use of smart contracts becomes increasingly widespread, people have also discovered that, much like contracts in the real world, if they are not carefully reviewed and verified, vulnerabilities can arise, leading to asset security concerns.

One of the most well-known incidents in Ethereum's history is TheDAO event. TheDAO was a decentralized autonomous fund project that raised over $150 million worth of Ether in just one month. However, within a month, a vulnerability in the token code led to a significant amount of funds being transferred out by hackers. Due to the immutable nature of smart contracts, the project team was powerless to intervene.

Even today, contract vulnerabilities continue to occur. However, these hacking incidents have made more developers realize that, just like contracts in the real world, if protocol processes are too complex, involving professional third-party audits is necessary.

4. Summary

Smart contracts replace third-party intermediaries with open, transparent, and immutable protocol codes, reducing trust costs for contract participants. They have a wide range of applications and prospects. While challenges in security auditing persist, it's important to recognize that the field is less than a decade old. Smart contract development is still in its early stages, and we believe wider market acceptance of smart contracts is only a matter of time.

Marktkans

Smart Blockchain koers(SMART)

$0.004534

$0.004534$0.004534

-0.72%

USD

Smart Blockchain (SMART) live prijsgrafiek

Populaire artikelen

Waarom steeg HYPE Coin op 27 januari 2026?

Op 27 januari 2026 was de cryptomarkt getuige van een schoolvoorbeeld van een "Fundamental Pump", gedreven door werkelijk nut in plaats van hype.Volgens MEXC Spot Market-gegevens begon de Hyperliquid

2026/01/30

EUR storten via Online Bankoverschrijving

Online Bank Transfer stortingen worden verwerkt via Open Banking, waardoor u betalingen veilig direct vanuit uw bankrekening kunt autoriseren zonder handmatig bankgegevens in te voeren.Deze handleidin

2026/01/06

Wat is Immunefi (IMU)? Een Complete Gids voor het Toonaangevende Beveiligingsplatform van Web3

Belangrijkste punten1) Immunefi richt zich op continue Web3-beveiligingscoördinatie, niet op eenmalige audits.2) Bug bounties en auditwedstrijden vormen de kern van het beveiligingsmodel.3) Magnus die

2025/12/19

Hoe Crypto te kopen via iDEAL

iDEAL is een van de meest gebruikte en vertrouwde online betaalmethoden in Nederland, waarmee u veilige, realtime betalingen rechtstreeks via uw bank kunt doen. Met iDEAL op MEXC kunt u snel en veilig

2025/12/15

Trending nieuws

Meer bekijken

EmoFi en REI Network werken samen om slimme DeFi-analyses te bevorderen

EmoFi en het REI Network hebben een samenwerking aangekondigd die gericht is op het verbeteren van gebruikerservaringen in gedecentraliseerde financiën en Web3-platforms. Het initiatief richt zich

2026/03/11

Dogecoin Maakte Miljonairs bij $0.002 maar bij $0.092 Klopt de Wiskunde Niet Meer en Smart Money Vond Pepeto

Dogecoin maakte gewone mensen miljonair. Dat is een feit, geen krantenkop. Een investering van $1.000 tegen $0,002 in januari 2021 was in mei meer dan $150.000 waard. Sommige

2026/03/12

Solvers, Searchers en Smart Execution: De Onzichtbare Gebruikers van DeFi

Als arbitragebots de meest zichtbare vorm van programmatisch handelen zijn, dan zijn solvers en searchers het minst zichtbaar — en vaak het belangrijkst.

2026/03/13

Waarom de Ethereum-prijs zou kunnen dalen naar $1.500 ondanks recordactiviteit

Het bericht Waarom de Ethereum-prijs zou kunnen dalen tot $1.500 ondanks recordactiviteit verscheen op BitcoinEthereumNews.com. Ethereum-netwerkactiviteit heeft recordniveaus bereikt

2026/03/13

What are Smart Contracts?

1. Characteristics of Smart Contracts

2. Lifecycle of Smart Contracts

3. Problems with Smart Contracts

4. Summary

Populaire artikelen

Waarom steeg HYPE Coin op 27 januari 2026?

EUR storten via Online Bankoverschrijving

Wat is Immunefi (IMU)? Een Complete Gids voor het Toonaangevende Beveiligingsplatform van Web3

Hoe Crypto te kopen via iDEAL

Trending nieuws

EmoFi en REI Network werken samen om slimme DeFi-analyses te bevorderen

Dogecoin Maakte Miljonairs bij $0.002 maar bij $0.092 Klopt de Wiskunde Niet Meer en Smart Money Vond Pepeto

Solvers, Searchers en Smart Execution: De Onzichtbare Gebruikers van DeFi

Waarom de Ethereum-prijs zou kunnen dalen naar $1.500 ondanks recordactiviteit

Gerelateerde artikelen

Hoe Crypto te kopen via iDEAL

Waarom steeg HYPE Coin op 27 januari 2026?

EUR storten via Online Bankoverschrijving

Wat is Immunefi (IMU)? Een Complete Gids voor het Toonaangevende Beveiligingsplatform van Web3