Economia del token di Bitcoin (BTC)

Issuance Mechanism

The provided information does not explicitly detail the original issuance mechanism of Bitcoin (BTC), such as the initial block reward schedule or the halving mechanism. However, it is known that BTC has a maximum token supply of 21.00 million (as referenced in the context of Bitcoin SV, which shares the same maximum supply).

Allocation Mechanism

The allocation of Bitcoin is primarily determined by its issuance mechanism, which rewards Proof-of-Work (PoW) miners. The data highlights that the circulating supply is distributed among various entities, including:

• Miners: Rewarded for securing the network and validating transactions.
• Governments: The United States Government collectively holds approximately 208,109.00 BTC, which represents about 0.99% of the maximum token supply.
• Institutional Holders: The Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin ETF (FBTC) holds approximately 196,721.40 BTC, or about 0.94% of the maximum token supply.
• Historical Wallets: The 6th largest wallet address is associated with the Mt. Gox hack, holding approximately 79,957.00 BTC (about 0.38% of the maximum token supply), which has remained unmoved since the incident.

Usage and Incentive Mechanism

BTC is the native token of the Bitcoin network, and its primary functions are centered around its role as a decentralized, secure digital asset:

Primary Uses of BTC

1. Peer-to-Peer Payments and Value Storage: BTC functions as a medium of exchange, allowing users to send and receive funds without intermediaries. It is widely used as a digital store of value.
2. Settling Network Transaction Fees: Users pay transaction fees in BTC to incentivize miners to include their transactions in a block.
3. Rewarding Proof-of-Work (PoW) Miners: Miners are compensated with newly issued BTC (block rewards) and transaction fees for securing the network and validating transactions.

Incentive Mechanism

The core incentive mechanism is the Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus model, which rewards miners for contributing computational power to secure the network.

• Miner Rewards: Miners receive BTC for successfully mining a block. This reward structure ensures the network's functionality is maintained without a centralized third party.
• Security: The security of BTC transactions is guaranteed by the PoW miners. A coordinated effort by the active miner set would require a 51% attack to modify transactions or reset blockchain history, which is economically prohibitive and serves as a strong security guarantee.

Locking Mechanism and Unlocking Time

Bitcoin itself does not have a native vesting or locking mechanism for its core supply in the way many newer tokens do (e.g., for team or investor allocations). However, the concept of locking and unlocking is relevant in the context of Bitcoin's transaction structure and its integration into other protocols:

Transaction Locking

• Unspent Transaction Outputs (UTXOs): Bitcoin transactions are built upon UTXOs, which are the unspent portions of BTC from previous transactions. Each UTXO represents a specific amount of BTC that can only be spent in its entirety.
• Locking and Unlocking Scripts: The spending of BTC is governed by scripts:
  • A locking script places a spending condition on an output (the BTC).
  • An unlocking script "solves" or satisfies the conditions of the locking script, allowing the output to be spent. This mechanism is fundamental to how BTC is secured and transferred.

External Protocol Locking (BTCfi)

The concept of locking BTC is increasingly relevant in decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols built on or connected to Bitcoin, often referred to as BTCfi. These protocols leverage BTC's value by requiring users to lock it to participate in activities like staking or yield generation:

• Non-Custodial BTC Staking: Protocols like Core Chain enable the first implementation of non-custodial BTC staking, where BTC is natively staked in exchange for unlocking utility and rewards.
• Liquid Staking Tokens (LSTs): Protocols like Solv Protocol unify fragmented Bitcoin liquidity through tokens like SolvBTC, which provides Bitcoin holders access to LSTs, allowing them to earn yields on their Bitcoin across other chains.
• Synchronized Halvings: Some protocols, such as Stacks, synchronize their token rewards (e.g., STX coinbase rewards) with Bitcoin's halving events, linking their token economics directly to Bitcoin's issuance schedule.