Beli Kripto Pasar Spot Futures OILETH Tabungan Pusat Acara Hub Hadiah

Lainnya

Blockchain, at its core, is a decentralized distributed database or ledger. So, how does the "blockchain ledger" keep records? In current blockchain projects, there are two mainstream accountingBlockchain, at its core, is a decentralized distributed database or ledger. So, how does the "blockchain ledger" keep records? In current blockchain projects, there are two mainstream accounting

Belajar/Cryptocurrency Knowledge/Basic Concepts/What Is Uns...put (UTXO)?

What Is Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO)?

Feb 9, 2026MEXC

Blockchain, at its core, is a decentralized distributed database or ledger. So, how does the "blockchain ledger" keep records? In current blockchain projects, there are two mainstream accounting methods: The Account Balance Model (represented by Ethereum), and the Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO) Model (represented by Bitcoin). Understanding UTXO helps in comprehending the accounting logic behind Bitcoin's blockchain.

UTXO, which stands for Unspent Transaction Output, can be understood as the fundamental unit in Bitcoin transactions. For example, if Bob receives a Bitcoin payment and doesn't spend it, that Bitcoin becomes a UTXO. The UTXO model is similar to having a wallet where each UTXO is like a one-time-use paper bill. Each UTXO (paper bill) represents a specific amount of money, and by adding up all the UTXOs (paper bills), you can determine a user's balance.

In each transaction, whole integer multiples of UTXOs are used. For example, you can use 1 UTXO, 2 UTXOs, but you can't use fractions like 0.5 UTXO (similar to not being able to use half a paper bill). When a transaction occurs, the existing UTXOs (old paper bills) are consumed, and new UTXOs (new paper bills) are created. For example:In the morning, you go to buy coffee and a pastry, which costs $5. You hand the cashier a $10 bill. This $10 bill, represented as one UTXO, is given to the merchant. The merchant then gives you $5 in change, and at this point, you receive a new UTXO (a new $5 bill).

If this transaction occurs on a blockchain using the UTXO model, how would it operate? To understand this, we can abstract three transfer scenarios with examples, omitting miner fees for simplicity:

1.Two-Person Transactions

Let's assume Bob receives 10 BTC, so he has a UTXO of 10 BTC associated with his Bitcoin address. Now, Bob needs to transfer 2 BTC to Alice. In this case, the 10 BTC UTXO will be spent as a whole (the old paper bill is used up). 2 BTC (new paper bill) will be sent to Alice, and the remaining 8 BTC (new paper bill) will be returned to Bob as change. In other words, the original 10 BTC existed as a single UTXO, but during the transaction, this UTXO (the old paper bill) was destroyed and no longer exists. Instead, it was replaced by two new UTXOs (new paper bills): one belonging to Bob with a value of 8 BTC (which is the change returned to Bob), and the other belonging to Alice with a value of 2 BTC. In the future, Alice can use this UTXO as a balance to transfer to others.

If Alice wants to transfer those 2 BTC to Frank and to prevent Alice from double-spending those 2 BTC (which is akin to the well-known double-spending attack), miners need to verify that the UTXO has not been used in other transactions. If this UTXO has already been spent in a prior transaction, miners will reject the execution of this new transaction.

2. Multi-Party Transactions

Let's go through two examples to deepen our understanding. (1) One Address Transfers to Three Addresses (2) Three Addresses Transfer to One Address. Let's refer to these four addresses as A, B, C, and D. Scenario ① A transfers to B, C, and D. Scenario ② A, B, and C transfer to D. Initially, Address A has 10 BTC while B, C, and D have 0 BTC.

In scenario (1), Address A initially has one 10 BTC UTXO and wants to transfer 2 BTC to each of the addresses B, C, and D.

First, the original 10 BTC UTXO from A is entirely spent, and 2 BTC is sent to each of the addresses B, C, and D. The remaining 4 BTC is returned to A as change. At this point, the previous 10 BTC UTXO no longer exists and becomes four new UTXOs, one belonging to A valued at 4 BTC, and the other three belonging to B, C, and D, all valued at 2 BTC. After the transfer occurs, there is 1 UTXO of 4 BTC in Address A, 1 UTXO of 2 BTC in Address B, 1 UTXO of 2 BTC in Address C, and 1 UTXO of 2 BTC in Address D.

Now, let's simulate scenario (2), where A, B, and C each transfer 2 BTC to D.

The UTXO of 4 BTC at Address A will be spent as a whole, of which 2 BTC is transferred to D and 2 BTC is given as change to itself. The UTXO of 2 BTC in Address B is transferred to D, and the UTXO of 2 BTC in Address C is transferred to D. After the transfers have occurred, there will be 1 UTXO of 2 BTC in Address A, none at Address B, none at Address C, and 4 UTXOs of 2 BTC at Address D (1 of which is left over from the transfer happening in scenario ① and the rest are from scenario ②).

3. Two-Person Transaction, One Person has Multiple UTXOs

Suppose A has multiple UTXOs, which are 1 BTC UTXO, 2 BTC UTXO, 3 BTC UTXO, and 4 BTC UTXO, and B has no BTC. At this point, A needs to transfer 2.5 BTC to B. How does the UTXO model work?

At this point, the UTXO of 2 BTC in Address A will be transferred directly to B. The UTXO of 1 BTC will be spent as a whole, of which 0.5 BTC will be transferred to B, and 0.5 BTC will be given back as change. After the transfer, there are still 0.5 BTC UTXO, 3 BTC UTXO and 4 BTC UTXO in Address A. B has 2 BTC UTXO and 0.5 BTC UTXO.

In cryptocurrencies that utilize the UTXO model, if a user mistakenly enters an incorrect contract address, it is highly likely that the funds will be irrecoverable. This is because UTXOs do not store additional information about the transaction's outgoing state, and once a cryptocurrency transaction is completed, the corresponding UTXO no longer exists in the database. In essence, the system assumes that you have already spent the funds, and this action cannot be undone. Furthermore, if the contract address is incompatible or incorrect, it can lead to erroneous inputs, meaning the recipient cannot properly receive the cryptocurrency. As a result, it is very probable that the cryptocurrency will be unrecoverable.

We can see that: ① UTXOs record events rather than final states. ② Each UTXO represents a specific quantity of Bitcoin, and the sum of all UTXOs determines the account balance. ③ A UTXO is a Bitcoin transaction output. ④ A complete transaction consists of transaction outputs (senders) and transaction inputs (recipients). Transaction outputs can be referred to as Outputs, and transaction inputs can be referred to as Inputs. After a transaction is completed, any newly generated UTXOs are recorded in the Bitcoin ledger and can be used for further transactions. UTXOs, as the cornerstone of Bitcoin transactions, offer advantages such as security, privacy, and scalability. They serve as the foundational transaction framework for numerous blockchain projects.

The following tokens listed on MEXC use the UTXO model:

ADA, AE, AVAX, BCH, BCHA, BEAM, BHD, BSV, BTC, BTCV, BTM, BTM2, CHIA, CKB, DASH, DOGE, FIRO, HC, HNS, HYDRA, IOEX, KAS(KASPA), LBC, LBTC, LTC, MASS, PAC, PLCU, PSL, QTUM, RVN, SC, SYS, UT, WIT, XRD, XVG, ZEL, ZEN

If there is an error in transferring the cryptocurrency mentioned above, we will be unable to assist in recovering it. Please make sure to enter the correct deposit address before initiating any deposits!

Peluang Pasar

Harga Hyperliquid(HYPE)

$74

$74$74

+1.13%

USD

Grafik Harga Live Hyperliquid (HYPE)

Artikel Populer

Lihat Selengkapnya

Crypto Exchange Terbaik untuk Meme Coin: 7 Platform Diperingkat Berdasarkan Data Nyata, Bukan Hype

Crypto exchange terbaik untuk meme coin bergantung pada tolok ukur yang Anda gunakan. Dari sisi kecepatan listing dan biaya dasar, data mengarah ke MEXC: CoinGecko menempatkannya di peringkat pertama

Penulis: Sarah Chen

2026-07-28

Prediksi Harga Hyperliquid Juli 2026: Bisakah HYPE Benar-Benar Mencapai Target 150 USD dari Arthur Hayes?

HYPE diperdagangkan di sekitar 65 USD saat Juli dimulai, sekitar 15 persen di bawah all-time high 76.70 USD yang dicapai pada 16 Juni. Kesenjangan antara posisi token Hyperliquid saat ini dan level ya

Penulis: Emma Williams

2026-07-02

HYPE Baru Saja Mencapai All-Time High! Bisakah Tembus $150? Analisis Lengkap Prediksi Harga Hyperliquid

Per Juni 2026, HYPE telah naik sekitar 167% year-to-date, menjadikannya salah satu aset dengan performa terbaik dalam siklus crypto saat ini. Token ini baru saja mencetak all-time high baru di $75,48

Penulis: Emma Williams

2026-06-05

Narasi Kripto Selanjutnya: Mengapa Pembayaran dan Utilitas Menggantikan Hype Layer 1

Kripto telah melalui beberapa fase perhatian utama. Energi pasar awal berfokus pada ekosistem Layer 1 yang bersaing dalam hal kecepatan, skala, dan daya tarik pengembang. Narasi tersebut mendominasi s

Penulis: MEXC

2026-02-03

Kabar Kripto Terpopuler

Lihat Selengkapnya

Apakah Musim Altcoin Kembali? ETH, SOL, XRP dan HYPE Rally sebagai Bitcoin Mendekati $70.000

Ikhtisar Sebagai patokan aset digital Bitcoin (BTC) menantang ambang batas psikologis 70.000 dolar, struktur harga yang mendasari di pasar cryptocurrency sedang mengalami pergeseran yang menentukan. E

Penulis: James Mitchell

2026-08-20

Risiko ANSEM: Apa yang Harus Diketahui Pedagang Setelah Reli

Ikhtisar ANSEM telah menjadi salah satu koin meme Solana yang paling diawasi ketat dalam beberapa hari terakhir. Menurut halaman pasar The Black Bull CoinGecko , ANSEM mencatat keuntungan jangka pende

Penulis: Oliver Hughes

2026-07-01

Apa itu Ansem? Mengapa $ANSEM Meledak - Dan Apa Yang Terjadi Selanjutnya?

Apa itu Ansem, dan mengapa $ANSEM meledak 17.000% + pada Juni 2026?Mendalami latar belakang influencer Solana, lonjakan memecoin Black Bull, katalis airdrop, dan risiko nyata di balik hype tersebut. I

Penulis: Oliver Hughes

2026-07-01

ZEC Bug Panik: Mengapa Paus Membuang DEKAT dan HYPE untuk Menghemat Leverage

Cacat bukti tanpa pengetahuan berusia empat tahun di kolam Orchard Zcash memicu kecelakaan ZEC 31% dan menyeret HYPE, NEAR, dan pasar altcoin yang lebih luas. Inilah semua yang perlu Anda ketahui. Ikh

Penulis: James Mitchell

2026-06-05

Berita yang Sedang Tren

Lihat Selengkapnya

AAPL (Apple) Turun Setelah WWDC 26 Saat Siri AI Menghadapi Ujian Siklus Pembaruan

Ajang WWDC 26 dari Apple menempatkan kembali Siri AI yang dirombak total dan berdiri sendiri sebagai pusat dari narasi pertumbuhan perusahaan, namun reaksi pasar secara luas cenderung berhati-hati dar

2026-06-10

Hyperliquid Membakar HYPE: Apakah Pembelian Kembali Cukup untuk Mendukung Perdagangan Berikutnya?

Pembakaran HYPE Hyperliquid menghubungkan biaya protokol dengan pengurangan pasokan token, namun investor perlu menilai apakah pembelian kembali cukup kuat dibandingkan dengan valuasi, volume, dan jum

2026-07-28

Hyperliquid Menanggapi Kesalahan Harga SK Hynix di Trade.xyz: Pelajaran bagi Trader HIP-3

Co-founder Hyperliquid, iliensinc, mengatakan bahwa perpetual SK Hynix dari Trade.xyz dikerahkan dan dioperasikan oleh tim XYZ. Berikut alasan mengapa insiden ini penting bagi pasar HIP-3, risiko orac

2026-07-28

eole Jepang Melakukan Pembelian HYPE Pertama, Merencanakan Investasi ¥100 Juta

Eole yang terdaftar di Jepang telah membeli HYPE untuk pertama kalinya dan berencana meningkatkan total investasi menjadi ¥100 juta pada Agustus, menghubungkan Hyperliquid dengan strategi Neo Crypto B

2026-07-31